PARTS OF SPEECH

ENGLISH MODULE: PARTS OF SPEECH

By Syamsul Maarif, SS. M.Pd

For Vocational High School (SMK) Students

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Parts of Speech

2. Nouns

3. Pronouns

4. Verbs

5. Adjectives

6. Adverbs

7. Prepositions

8. Conjunctions

9. Interjections

10. Exercises

11. Answer Key

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1. Introduction to Parts of Speech

Parts of speech are the basic categories of words that make up the English language. Each word in a sentence has a specific role, and understanding these roles helps improve grammar, writing, and communication skills.

There are eight parts of speech in English:

Noun (person, place, thing)

Pronoun (he, she, it)

Verb (action or state)

Adjective (describes a noun)

Adverb (describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb)

Preposition (shows relationship between words)

Conjunction (connects words or sentences)

Interjection (expresses emotion)

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2. Nouns

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Types of Nouns:

Common nouns: general names (e.g., teacher, city, book)

Proper nouns: specific names (e.g., Mr. John, Jakarta, Harry Potter)

Concrete nouns: things you can see, hear, smell, taste, or touch (e.g., apple, table)

Abstract nouns: ideas, feelings, qualities (e.g., love, happiness)

Countable nouns: can be counted (e.g., cat, car, apple)

Uncountable nouns: cannot be counted (e.g., water, air, advice)

Examples:

My brother is a doctor. (person)

I live in Surabaya. (place)

She bought a new laptop. (thing)

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3. Pronouns

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition.

Types of Pronouns:

Personal pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they

Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs

Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those

Relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that

Interrogative pronouns: who, what, which, whom, whose

Examples:

She is my best friend. (personal pronoun)

This book is mine. (possessive pronoun)

That is my car. (demonstrative pronoun)

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4. Verbs

A verb is a word that shows action or state of being.

Types of Verbs:

Action verbs: run, jump, eat, write

Linking verbs: am, is, are, was, were, seem, appear

Helping (auxiliary) verbs: do, does, did, have, has, had, will, shall, can.


Examples:

She sings beautifully. (action verb)

He is a doctor. (linking verb)

I have finished my homework. (helping verb)


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5. Adjectives

An adjective describes a noun or pronoun.

Types of Adjectives:

Descriptive: beautiful, tall, smart

Quantitative: some, many, few

Demonstrative: this, that, these, those

Possessive: my, your, his, her

Comparative & Superlative: bigger, biggest

Examples:

She has long hair. (descriptive adjective)

I bought three apples. (quantitative adjective)

This book is interesting. (demonstrative adjective)


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6. Adverbs

An adverb describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Types of Adverbs:

Manner (how): quickly, slowly

Place (where): here, there

Time (when): now, yesterday

Frequency (how often): always, never

Degree (how much): very, too

Examples:

He runs fast. (manner)

She arrived yesterday. (time)

They are always happy. (frequency)


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7. Prepositions

A preposition shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence.

Examples:

The book is on the table.

She lives in Jakarta.

We walked through the park.

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8. Conjunctions

A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses.

Types of Conjunctions:

Coordinating: and, but, or, so

Subordinating: because, although, while

Correlative: either…or, neither…nor

Examples:

I like coffee and tea. (coordinating conjunction)

I stayed at home because it was raining. (subordinating conjunction)

You can have either cake or ice cream. (correlative conjunction)


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9. Interjections

An interjection expresses strong emotion.

Examples:

Wow! That’s amazing!

Oh! I forgot my keys.

Oops! I made a mistake.


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10. Exercises

Exercise 1: Identify the Part of Speech

Identify the part of speech of the underlined words.

1. She writes stories. (____)

2. The dog is barking. (____)

3. We will meet after school. (____)

4. He is very smart. (____)

5. Ouch! That hurts. (____)


Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct part of speech.

1. I saw a _______ (noun) in the garden.

2. She sings _______ (adverb).

3. He is _______ (adjective) than me.

4. We went to the park _______ it was sunny. (conjunction)

5. _______! That was a great movie. (interjection)

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11. Answer Key

Exercise 1 Answers:

1. Verb

2. Noun

3. Preposition

4. Adverb

5. Interjection

Exercise 2 Answers:

1. flower

2. beautifully

3. taller

4. because

5. Wow

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Conclusion

Understanding parts of speech is essential for mastering English grammar. By recognizing and using different parts of speech correctly, students can improve their writing and speaking skills.


Keep practicing and learning!


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